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Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences

Meibomian Gland Disease

Meibomian Gland Disease

Category(ies): Cornea, External Disease
Contributor: Jordan M. Graff, MD; Ryen D. Fons, MS3; Tressa Larson OD FAAO
Photographer: Tressa Larson OD FAAO

Often invisible under the palpebral conjunctiva, the meibomian glands make the oil layer of the tear film. In meibomian gland disease, the glands often widen in response to stress and then begin to atrophy.

inlammed lid margin
Figure 1a. Classic appearance of inlammed lid margin with insipated meibomian gland orifice.
Contributed by Jordan M. Graff, MD and Ryen D. Fons, MS3
When the lid is pulled toward the examiner, the raised and inflammed area surrounding the gland can be better appreciated.
thick purulent material is expressed from the orifice
Figure 1b. Classic appearance of inlammed lid margin with insipated meibomian gland orifice.
Contributed by Jordan M. Graff, MD and Ryen D. Fons, MS3
With mild pressure on the lid margin, thick purulent material is expressed from the orifice.

Figures 2 through 4. Contributor & Photographer: Tressa Larson OD FAAO

Figure 2. Meibomian Gland Disease

Figure 2. Meibomian Gland Disease

In meibomian gland disease, the glands often widen in response to stress and then begin to atrophy. Infrared images such the ones in figure 2 allow better visualization of the meibomian glands than the white light view. The right is the original image and the left is an enhanced version. This patient has severe meibomian gland disease. The glands nasal and temporal have dropped out entirely and the remaining glands are very short and tortuous.

top lid regular and enhanced meibomian gland disease
Figure 2a. Meibomian Gland Disease
Contributor & Photographer: Tressa Larson OD FAAO
bottom lid regular and enhanced meibomian gland disease
Figure 2b. Meibomian Gland Disease
Contributor & Photographer: Tressa Larson OD FAAO

Figure 3. Blunted Meibomian gland on the lower lid

Figure 3. Blunted Meibomian gland on the lower lid

In these images it is possible to see the blunted meibomian glands on the lower lid and to see that they only extend about a quarter or halfway up the tarsal plate.

bottom lid blunted meibomian gland disease
Figure 3a. Blunted Meibomian gland on the lower lid
Contributor & Photographer: Tressa Larson OD FAAO
zoomed bottom lid blunted meibomian gland disease
Figure 3b. Blunted Meibomian gland on the lower lid
Contributor & Photographer: Tressa Larson OD FAAO

Figure 4. Complete atrophy of Meibomian glands

Figure 4. Complete atrophy of Meibomian glands

This patient had such severe meibomian gland disease that the glands are completely atrophied. You can see where the glands used to be.

regular and enhanced images of complete tarophic meibomian glands
Figure 4. Complete atrophy of Meibomian glands
Contributor & Photographer: Tressa Larson OD FAAO